The W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) maintains a set of open standards and guidelines which are generally considered best practices to follow when programming for the web. Often, web developers help contribute to these open standards and guidelines through their work on open source projects working to help enhance and debug web-based technologies.
However, because of the fairly low barrier to entry -- freely available development environments (web server environments and development languages), freely available tutorials and information on how to do web development -- novice web developers often do not adhere to the open standards and guidelines. Additionally, poorly designed or proprietary software tools that don't follow the open standards and guidelines create ad hoc and de facto standards which must be followed in order to "make things work". This was especially true during the "Browser Wars" of the 1990s. It is becoming less true as more and better tools enter the marketplace
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